Affichage des articles dont le libellé est alkaloids. Afficher tous les articles
Affichage des articles dont le libellé est alkaloids. Afficher tous les articles

mardi 23 avril 2019

About the toxicity of potato peels, I was asked to give references, and here are some, with abstracts :


Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 41 (2005) 66–72Potato glycoalkaloids and adverse eVects in humans: an ascending dose study, par Tjeert T. Mensinga et al. :

Glycoalkaloids in potatoes may induce gastro-intestinal and systemic eVects, by cell membrane disruption and acetylcholinesterase inhibition, respectively. The present single dose study was designed to evaluate the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of orally administered potato glycoalkaloids ( -chaconine and -solanine). It is the Wrst published human volunteer study were pharmacokinetic data were obtained for more than 24 h post-dose. Subjects (2–3 per treatment) received one of the following six treatments: (1–3) solutions with total glycoalkaloid (TGA) doses of 0.30, 0.50 or 0.70 mg/kg body weight (BW), or (4–6) mashed potatoes with TGA doses of 0.95, 1.10 or 1.25 mg/kg BW. The mashed potatoes had a TGA concentration of nearly 200 mg/kg fresh weight (the presently recognised upper limit of safety). None of these treatments induced acute systemic eVects. One subject who received the highest dose of TGA (1.25 mg/kg BW) became nauseous and started vomiting about 4 h post dose, possibly due to local glycoalkaloid toxicity (although the dosis is lower than generally reported in the literature to cause gastro-intestinal disturbances). Most relevant, the clearance of glycoalkaloids usually takes more than 24 h, which implicates that the toxicants may accumulate in case of daily consumption.


Perishables Handling Newsletter Issue No. 87, August 06,
A Review of Important Facts about Potato Glycoalkaloids
by Marita Cantwell
I give only the conclusion :
To avoid toxic levels of glycoalkaloids, potato cultivar selection is very important. However, improper postharvest handling conditions are the main cause of toxic levels in potatoes. To keep glycoalkaloid content low, store potatoes at lower temperatures, such as 7°C(45°F), keep potatoes away from light, market in opaque plastics films and paper bags, and rotate frequently on retail displays.


And also :
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science   
A Review of Occurrence of Glycoalkaloids in Potato and Potato Products
DUKE GEKONGE OMAYIO et al

There has been increasing consumption of potato products such as French fries and crisps in most countries as a result of lifestyle change in both developed and developing countries. Due to their generally pleasurable taste and texture, they are appreciated by a high number of consumers  across the world, with the younger members of the population mostly those in the urban areas having
a higher preference. The hard economic situations have also driven many people to their consumption as they are affordable. Moreover, these products are convenient for the younger generation who do not prepare their own food. However, there have been food safety concerns that have been linked
in the past to glycoalkaloids in the raw potatoes that are used for processing. Potatoes are known to accumulate glycoalkaloids (GAs) during growth and postharvest storage. Some potato varieties have been shown to have high glycoalkaloids. These toxicants have been found to bioaccumulate
in the body especially if daily consumption of foods containing the glycoalkaloids are consumed. Glycoalkaloids lead to intestinal discomfort, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and neurological problems and can lead to human or animal deaths in cases of acute toxicity. Transportation, handling, poor
storage and exposure to sunlight during marketing of potatoes exposes consumers to potential risk of glycoalkaloids due to injury and greening which lead to increased levels of glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids are quite stable and therefore, freeze-drying, boiling, dehydration or microwaving have got limited effect and thus persist through the processing conditions into the final products with the levels being proportional to the concentrations in the raw materials used. This current review focuses on the occurrence of glycoalkakloids in potato and potato products that are commonly consumed.


And there are hundreds of others saying the same !