International
Contest
for
Note
by Note Cooking
N°10
Topic:
Savoury
dice and fibres
(no
Rubik’s cube)
Organizers:
Roisin
Burke (roisin.burke@TUDublin.ie),
Yolanda Rigault (yolanda.rigault@wanadoo.fr),
Hervé This (herve.this@paris.inra.fr)
Introduction :
Note by Note Cooking
Note
by Note Cooking is indeed “synthetic cooking”, a culinary
technique using pure compounds, in order to build food (i.e.,
dishes) and drinks.
The
cook has to decide for the shapes, consistencies, tastes, odours,
trigeminal sensations (pungencies, freshnesses…), temperatures,
colours…
Of
course, it deals with questions of nutrition, toxicity, and is part
of the large “Note by Note Project” for sustainable development,
important for feeding humankind in 2050, when the population of the
Earth will perhaps reach 10 billion people. This project is an
important contribution to the fight against spoilage, while sparing
water, energy, foodstuffs, and taking care of the environment.
The
goal of this 10th contest:
Savoury
dice and fibers (no Rubik’s cube)
For
this new contest, we invite competitors (in the three categories:
chefs, students, amateurs) to create dishes that include savoury dice
and make use of fibers; Rubik’s cube systems are to be avoided..
The
closer to pure note by note, the better. And the flavour of the
proposed dish is mostly important obviously !
More
details
Dice
are well known, and they can have any structure, colors, flavours…
but for this 10th
contest, it is proposed to avoid sweet products, which does not mean
that using sweet compounds in the proposed recipes: after all, in
traditional cooking, carrots, onions and other plant tissues are
containing D-glucose, D-fructose and sucrose, even in savoury dishes.
Fibers, on the
other hand, are now gaining importance in human food, because of the
recent discoveries about the importance of the microbiota.
For
more than 15 years, the international CODEX Alimentarius Commission
debated a definition of fibre and was agreed in 2009. The European
Commission (EC), in line with discussions at CODEX, previously agreed
a definition for fibre in November 2008. The EC defines fibre as
saccharide (they say “carbohydrate” but this word should be
avoided, as saccharides are no hydrates, chemically speaking)
polymers with three or more monomeric units (to exclude mono- and
disaccharides, simple sugars of one or two molecules). These polymers
are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine.
Dietary fibre
consists of one or more of:
- edible
carbohydrate polymers naturally occurring in the food as consumed;
-
carbohydrate polymers that have been obtained from food raw material
by physical, enzymatic or chemical means and which have a beneficial
physiological effect demonstrated by generally accepted scientific
evidence;
-
synthetic carbohydrate polymers which have a beneficial physiological
effect demonstrated by generally accepted scientific evidence.
With the
exception of non-digestible edible carbohydrate polymers that occur
naturally in foods, the definition states that there should be
evidence of a beneficial physiological effect of any other material
captured by the definition. Any beneficial physiological effect of
other material needs to be supported by generally accepted scientific
evidence.
Discussions
about how best to measure dietary fibre so as to enable consistent
applications of the new definition are now underway at a European
level.
What difference
does the new definition make? Up until the recent EC definition was
published, fibre intakes in UK have typically been expressed as
non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). NSP is broadly the cell wall
compartments of plants and include cellulose, hemicelluloses,
pectins, gums, mucilages and beta-glucans.
The CODEX and
EC definitions recognise there are other compounds that are not
digested nor absorbed within the human digestive tract. For example,
resistant starch and oligsaccharides based on fructose, galactose or
maltose are all included within the CODEX dietary fibre definition.
Micro components such as waxes, cutin and suberin are also included.
However, the UK food composition dataset and the National Diet and
Nutrition Survey continue to use NSP as a measure of dietary fibre.
There
are various types of fibre, some of which are almost completely
fermented by gut bacteria, whereas others are less fermentable. These
less fermentable fibres are present for example in cereal grains
including wheat, rye, barley and oats and bind water, increasing
faecal bulk, and reducing transit time. These fibres can be helpful
in reducing constipation.
Fermentable
fibres are present in fruits, vegetables, nuts and oats and provide
fuel for bacteria, which may encourage a healthy microflora in the
gut. Some fermentable fibres, e.g. beta glucan, in oats have other
health benefits including helping to maintain healthy cholesterol
levels and moderating blood glucose levels.
For the
criteria, the first goal of competitors is to produce dishes that :
1.
include fibers and savoury dice
2.
are as close as possible to pure note by note cooking (i.e.,
using pure compounds)
3. are good!
3. are
original.
About the first
criterion, one has to make a difference between “pure note by note
cooking”, and “practical note by note cooking.
- the “pure
note by note cooking” technique means using only perfectly pure
compounds,
- “practical
note by note cooking” technique allows the use of mostly pure
fractions: for example, oil is a mixture of triglycerides, or corn
starch is only 80 % pure amylopectin, but it would not change much if
one particular triglyceride were used, on pure amylopectin. And, of
course, why not mix the new ingredients and old ones (meat, fish,
egg, vegetable and fruits)… but the closest to the pure note by
note technique the better.
The
participants will be free to purchase the ingredients or to product
them by themselves. For example, lixiviation of flour can product
gluten and starch, and storing oils in the fridge or in the deep
freeze can make various fat fractions, with different properties.
For
odours, they can be extracted by various means (storing a raw
material in oil, distillation, etc.), but odorant compounds can now
be found on line, in companies such as Iqemusu (www.iqemusu.com).
For the
contest, participants have to apply in various categories
(1)
Professional chefs: they will be judged on their skills to produce a
recipe using pure compounds or a mixture of pure compunds and
designing the shape, colour, texture etc. This group have access to
specific note by note ingredients and specialized equipment in
professional kitchens and should have a good skills level.
(2) Students: depending on the applications, there can be two groups,
those that are culinary arts students and those that are science
students.
Like
the professional chefs, the former most likely have access to
specific note by note ingredients and special equipment. The other
students may or may not not have access to these ingredients or
equipment. In the case of the culinary student the judging criteria
is similar to that for the professional chefs but the level of skills
of culinary arts students may be less. If the other students have a
science background, the judging criteria could include the use of
scientific knowledge to maximise the use of ingredients which were
available.
(3)
Amateurs - the best use of ingredients which were available.
Where
can you find the ingredients?
For
cooking Note by Note, you simply need your kitchen, kitchen cupboards
and supermarket. Below, you can find pure compounds e.g. water,
sugar, salt, xanthan gum, lecithin etc.
Some
can be extracted. For example, if you acidify milk and extract curds
(mostly casein), you prepare the whey. Or from wheat flour, if you
make a dough and wash starch off to, you can separate gluten (that
can also be bought at bakers).
There
are other cheap ways to get ingredients:
-
look for deals on the internet through companies such as Amazon
-
email suppliers and ask for free samples (small amounts)
-
ask supplier companies for free samples.
Examples
of suppliers
Iqemusu
(2017). The 24 Notes. [online]. Available at:
https://iqemusu.com/en/the-24-notes-note-by-note-cooking/
Louis
François (2019). Louis François- Food Ingredients Since 1908.
Available at: http://www.louisfrancois.com/index_en.html
MSK
(2019), MSK catalogue. [online] Available at:
http://msk-ingredients.com/msk-catalogue-2019/?page=1.
Sosa
(2019). Sosa Catalogue. Available at: https://www.sosa.cat/
Texturas
(2012). Texturas Albert y Ferran Adria. Available at:
http://albertyferranadria.com/eng/texturas.html
Each
proposed dish will have to be :
-
described
in a .doc file by a recipe (Roman 12) giving
-
the
ingredients, including quantities
-
the
process
-
shown
by photographs.
The
candidates will have to accept that their recipes and pictures can be
used (with their name) by the organizers and the partners of the
contest (see authorization of use in the bottom of this document).
Evaluation :
Include
dice and fibres
Feasibility,
reproducability
Originality
of the work.
Using
pure compounds will be preferred to using fractions.
Of
course, the productions should not be toxic.
The
flavour complexity will be appreciated : dishes have a shape,
consistency, odor, taste, trigeminal sensation, temperature…
Who
can participate?
The
contest is free, open to all. But there will be different categories:
-
culinary professionals (chefs),
-
students,
-
amateurs.
How
to participate?
For
applying, it is enough to send an email to icmg@agroparistech.fr
with post address, phone number, signed authorization of diffusion
of the contest material.
Then,
for proposing the result, one has to send a file (fichier .doc) to
icmg@agroparistech.fr
describing the recipe in details, with a powerpoint document
(fichier .ppt) showing the various steps and the final result, with
high resolution pictures 300 dpi.
Dates :
-
application at any time before 20th of August 2022.
-
document being sent before the 25th of August 2022.
Evaluation:
The
evaluation will be performed in two stages:
1. display
of all recipes, and preselection by a jury, with possible votes by
the public
2.
evaluation between preselected recipes by a Jury composed of:
Yolanda
Rigault (organizer)
Pierre
Gagnaire
Pierre-Dominique
Cécillon (Toques Blanches Internationales)
Jean-Pierre
Lepeltier (Toques Blanches Internationales)
Patrick
Terrien (Toques Blanches Internationales)
Sandrine
Kault-Perring (Louis François Inc)
Michael
Pontif (www.iqemusu.com)
Eric
Briffard (Cordon bleu)
Philippe
Clergue (Cordon bleu)
Heinz Wuth
(Chile)
Prize
Event:
AgroParisTech,
Paris (Friday 2 September 2022)
Prizes
will be given by the partners. The best results will be displayed on
various internet sites (Forum Note à Note d'AgroParisTech...). They
will be shown on posters during itinerary exhibitions.
Thanks
to our partners
Iqemusu,
Louis François, Belin, Pour la Science
Autorisation
de diffusion
Je
sous-signé ……………….. demeurant ………………………..
autorise les organisateurs et les partenaires du Troisième Concours
International de Cuisine Note à Note à diffuser les recettes et les
images soumises pour participation au concours.
Fait
à ………………………….. le …………………………………..
Signature :
Annexe :
From
Molecular Gastronomy to its applications :
«
Molecular Cuisine » (it is over)
and «
Note by Note Cuisine» (don't miss this next world
culinary
trend!)
Hervé
This
1.
The scientific work
In 1988 Nicholas Kurti and I
created the scientific discipline that we called « Molecular
gastronomy»
(remember that the word « gastronomy » means « knowledge », and
not cuisine, even
haute
cuisine ; in the same way, Molecular Gastronomy does not stand for
cooking!).
The aim of Molecular
Gastronomy was, is and will be forever : looking for the mechanisms
of
phenomena occcuring during
dish preparation and consumption.
2. An
application in the kitchen
In the beginning of the 80's,
we introduced also «Molecular Cuisine », whose definition is :
« Producing food (this is
cuisine) using « new » tools, ingredients, methods ».
In
this definition, the word « new » stands for what was not in
kitchens of the western countries in
1980.
For
example : siphon (to make foams), sodium alginate (to get pearls with
a liquid core, spaghettis
of
vegetables, etc.) and other gelling agents (agar-agar, carraghenans,
etc.), liquid nitrogen (to
make
sherbets and many other innovative preparations), rotary evaporator,
and more generally, the
whole
set of lab's equipment when they can be useful. For methodes, you
will easily find on line recipes for “chocolate chantilly,
beaumés, gibbs, nollet, vauquelins, etc. ( Cours de
gastronomie
moléculaire n°1 : Science, technologie, technique (culinaires) :
quelles relations ?, Ed
Quae/Belin)
Of
course all these items are not completely new (many gelling agents
are used in Asia for millenia,
and
many tools are used daily in chemistry labs), but the goal was to
modernize the technical
component
of cuisine.
Yes,
the expression « Molecular Cuisine » is poorly chosen, but it had
to be introduced at some
time...
and it is not within the Encyclopedia Britannica Dictionnary. And
Molecular Cuisine will
disappear...
because of... see below !
3.
The next culinary trend : Note by Note Cuisine !
The next proposal is much more
exciting, and its name is NOTE BY NOTE CUISINE.
It
was first proposed in 1994 (in the magazine Scientific American) at a
time when I was playing at
using
compounds in food, such as paraethylphenol in wines and whiskeys,
1-octen-3-ol in dishes,
limonene,
tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, etc.
The initial proposal was to
improve food... but the next idea was obvious, it is to make dishes
entirely from compounds.
Let's
say it differently. Note by Note Cuisine is not using meat, fish,
vegetable or fruits, but rather
compounds,
either pure compounds or mixtures, such as electronic music is not
using trumpets or
violins,
but rather pure waves which are mixed in sounds and in music.
Here, for Note by Note
Cuisine, the cook has to :
–
design
the shapes of the various parts of the dish
–
design
the colours
–
design
the tastes
–
design
the odours
–
design
the temperatures
–
design
the trigeminal stimulation
–
design
the consistencies
–
design
the nutritional aspects
–
etc.
The feasability of this new
cuisine was already shown by many meals :
–
first
Note by Note meal (called Note by Note N°1) shown to the
international press in Hong
Kong by Pierre Gagnaire in
April 2009
–
two
dishes shown at the French-Japanese Scientific Meeting (JSTS) in
Strasbourg, in May
2010
–
whole
Note by Note Meal served by the chefs of the Cordon bleu School in
Paris in
October 2010
–
Note
à Note meal served the 26th of January 2011, as a launching event of
the International
Year of Chemistry, at UNESCO,
Paris, by the team of Potel&Chabot
–
Note
by Note cocktail serve in April 2011 to 500 French chefs freshly
starred at Michelin,
in Espace Cardin, Paris
–
Note
by Note Meal served in October 2011 by the team of the chefs of the
Cordon bleu
Schools Paris
–
Note
by Note dishes made by chefs of the Toques Blanches International
Association, in
Paris, 3 Decembre 2011
And many others !
Many questions arise from this
new cuisine:
–
land
development
–
economy
–
sensorial
–
technique
–
art
–
politics
–
nutrition
–
toxicology
–
etc.
But:
1. humankind is facing an
energy crisis : it is not sure that traditional cuisine is
sustainable (it
is not!)
2. the New will always beat
the Old
3. cracking products from
agriculture and farming is already done for milk and wheat ; why
not carrots, apples, etc. ?
4. The objections made to Note
by Note cuisine were done half a century ago against
electronic music, and guess
what you hear at the radio today ?
In other words, are not we at
the equivalent of 1947, when musicians such as Varèse and some
others were investigating
electronic music ?