Qu'est-ce que la technologie aliimentaire ?

Qu'est-ce que la technologie alimentaire ?

Dépassons les fantasmes et les peurs, dépassons la lutte contre le Grand Capital, dépassons nos idiosyncrasies, et considérons les mots.
Techné signifie "faire". Logos signifie "étude". La technologie est l'étude des techniques en vue de leur amélioration.
Technologie  alimentaire, maintenant ? Il faut donc s'interroger sur  l'aliment.
L'aliment, ce n'est ni l'ingrédient alimentaire, ni seulement le produit de l'industrie alimentaire. L'aliment, c'est ce que nous mangeons, et qui, de ce fait, a fait l'objet d'une préparation qui est dite "culinaire".
Le coq au vin est un aliment, pas la viande de boeuf sur pied. La sauce béarnaise n'est pas un aliment... parce que ce n'en est qu'une  composante : cette sauce s'associe à d'autres partie, pour faire par exemple un "turbot sauce béarnaise", ce qui est un aliment.
La technologie alimentaire, de ce fait, est l'activité de perfectionnement des mets, des aliments.

Et voici un objet de technologie alimentaire , par exemple  :

C'est le "pianocktail", que j'avais inventé en 2001, objet  microfluidique auquel  j'avais attribué un nom emprunté à Boris Vian. L'objet n'est pas celui auquel Vian pensait, mais  j'avais trouvé  amusant de reprendre le mot, car nous avons fait des démonstrations de l'appareil pour la confection de cocktail, en 2003, à la foire de Francfort.

Et, pour terminer, le livre dont voici la couverture est un traité  de technologie alimentaire. Applicable aux  autres champs de la formulation, mais c'est là une autre histoire.

Vient de paraître aux Editions de la Nuée Bleue : Le terroir à toutes les sauces (un traité de la jovialité sous forme de roman, agrémenté de recettes de cuisine et de réflexions sur ce bonheur que nous construit la cuisine)

Un merveilleux dessert : le Siaskaas

Envie d'un dessert sublime ? Faites donc un Siaskaas... et n'oubliant pas que plus une préparation est simple, et plus les ingrédients sont essentiels.

 Ici, il suffit de chauffer du lait à 37°, d'ajouter quelques gouttes de présure et de laisser reposer à température ambiante jusqu'à ce que la masse soit caillée, comme du flan.
Avec une spatule ou un couteau, on coupe le caillé  en cubes de 2 cm de côté. Le petit lait sort et surnage.Puis, avec une passoire ou une écumoire, on met  dans un moule troué, une passoire avec une mousseline une grande faisselle ou des petites faisselles, et on laisse égoutter pendant deux ou trois heures, au froid si on veut que le fromage reste frais.
C'est à servir alors aussitôt, sans quoi la masse devient caoutchouteuse : on démoule, on sucre, on ajoute de la crème fraîche et du kirsch ou de l 'alcool de framboise.
C'est le dessert traditionnel servi en ferme auberges de la vallée de Munster.

Comme dit plus haut, tout tient dans la qualité du lait, c'est-à-dire à la fois le type de vaches et le type d'herbes qu'elles mangent, mais aussi la qualité de la crème, avec ses ferments éventuels, et la qualité de l'eau de vie utilisée.

Quel extraordinaire dessert !










Vient de paraître aux Editions de la Nuée Bleue : Le terroir à toutes les sauces (un traité de la jovialité sous forme de roman, agrémenté de recettes de cuisine et de réflexions sur ce bonheur que nous construit la cuisine)

A propos de cuisine note à note/ About note by note cooking

Souvent, ce sont des étrangers qui m'interrogent en anglais... et je leur réponds en anglais. Pour une fois, ce seront des francophones qui devront utiliser un logiciel de traduction pour me comprendre.



About note by note cooking, some questions today, with comments :

I searched some award-winning Note by Note dishes done by students.
Why only "by students" ? I don't see any difference between students, lay people, chefs... And remember that often, chef design recipes for others, who have simply to follow.

They look really high-end fine dining. 
I don't know what you where you looked at, but if you go on the site of the International Centre for molécular gastronomy AgroParisTech-Inra (hosted on AgroParisTech), you can see many recipes. Some are fine dining, and some are more simple. For example, the demonstration of the dirac, of the gibbs, etc. are very simple.

But the article only mentioned equipment like a siphon and alginate bath were used. 
You say "the article", but there are hundreds of pages, dozens of articles.
Siphons can be obtained in very popular supermarkets today. And "alginate bath" does not mean anything. A bath is a bath, which mean a vessel full of water. Alginate (generally sodium alginate) is something that you can find in supermarkets as well. It is a powder that you just need to put in water, in order to get a sodium alginate solution. But I don't see the relationship with note by note cooking in particular.

I'm wondering: is Note by Note cooking very difficult for common people? 
The answer is no. And the dirac and gibbs demonstrate this fully.
Indeed, the issue of note by note cooking is not to use modern tools (this was for molecular cuisine), but instead to have new ingredients. Making a "dirac" by mixing 25% proteins, 75% water, plus compounds for color, taste and odor is straightforward. And this is one goal: to make it easy!
 
What tools are they required?
Is it difficult? No! And I would even say that it will be even easier in the past. Remember the comparison with electronic music: at the beginning, one room full of computers was needed, but today a synthesiser for children costs only 20 euros.
At home, today, I don't have particular tools, only the traditional ones, as anybody.

Is it possible to bring it to people's home? 
Yes. Remember that I succeeded in having siphons everywhere in the world, as well as agar-agar... even to the point that people speak today of "plant gelatin", which is meaningless, because gelatin is an animal product; indeed they want to say plant jelling agent.

And do you want to bring common people cook in Note by Note way?
Yes, for sure, otherwise I would not take one second answering your questions. Coming back to tools: they are not the difficulty for todays practitioners. The difficulty is that fact that I have, and they lack, the knowledge for deciding which compounds to mix. This means that, for the lay people in the future, already make "mixes" or kits will have to be designed and sold (remember that you find that already today, with ready to use custards, flours for bread, etc.
By the way, it is exactly as in the beginnings of synthetic music: a room full of computers was needed... and today it's simmle.

You mentioned "note by note cooking" is the key, in particular in regard to food 3D printing. Can you explain it in detail? 
In order to use the full potential of 3D printers, it's better to use products that have a very specific functionality, and this means pure compounds, hence note by note cooking.

How do you see the relationship between food 3D printing and Note by Note cooking?
Same answer than above.

Is it possible that food 3D printing combines and prints the compound for people?
This sentence has no meaning. A compound is a compound: sucrose, amylopectin, ovalbumin... You cannot "print a compound" (sorry, but you need to know more chemistry, and I cannot make a full course here).

I personally think that cooking with compounds make people lose the primary emotional attachment and memory to food (raw material). 
I don't care about personal opinions of people (and yours in particular, sorry). And all this is old stuff. What do you think about the "primary emotional attachment and memory" concerning sugar? Would you be ready to extract sugar from beetroot yourself?
And more generally do you still ride a horse or do you have trains, planes? And do you make your own ink, writing with feathers?
Such "attachment" is fantasy, and you can trust me that when people are hungry, they don't behave like well fed city dwellers. By the way, do you cultivate your vegetables yourself?
Finally, you should have a look to the history of potato introduction in France, at a time when the Faculty of medicine was publishing that this Solanacae was a cause of lepra. Don't forget, as well, to read about the times when it was said that trains would make the milk "turn" into cows, or about the "heavier than air" that would never fly.
Please stop being afraid.

As compounds don't have any shape, color, texture or smell, it cannot trigger people's memory to food. 
Why do you confuse compounds and dishes. By the way, compounds can have shape, and note by note dishes have a shape: this is even the first step of note by note cooking, i.e. deciding for a shape.
And finally, do we need to trigger people's memory to food? Really?

In this way, people cannot predict what this dish would be smell or taste in the end, and they think compounds cannot bring the cooking pleasure as meat & vegetable did. 
Wrong idea based on the previous wrong idea.
But yes, you can make a dish for which the guest have no idea of the flavour... but it's already the case with old cooking. Imagine that you make a pie: can you guess if the stuffing is sweet or not ? No.
About "cooking pleasure", perhaps you mean "the pleasure of cooking", or "the pleasure of eating".
When I am cooking note by note, I have the same pleasure than when I am cooking in the old way: I am doing my best, so that :
1. my friends are happy
2. it is "good", i.e. beautiful to eat.

What do you think about this? Note by Note cooking is a big leap, how do you think people can adapt it?
I don't care, because I have nothing to sell. Remember that I don't get one pence on note by note cooking, no investment in companies, no patent... and I don't care about being "famous" (what's the use when you are dead?).
Indeed, note by note cooking will be here soon for many reasons :
- 10 billions people in 2050
- spoilage to fight
- energy crisis
- water crisis
- high demand for proteins
- farmers to enrich (because they are in charge of environment, landscapes and primarily food security) (please don't confuse food security and food safety).
But finally, remember that I shall succeed, because:
1. I am using the right strategy (give it to the king, and the public will ask for it)
2. it is the only new culinary art trend
 3. it is new (and the media have to advertise new ideas, not old ones)
 4. it is already spreading.

Vapeurs et fumées

Je reçois la question suivante :

Lorsqu’on chauffe une poêle avant de faire cuire une viande, on attend jusqu’à ce qu’elle fume.
J’imagine que ce n’est pas elle qui fume, mais l’air qui est juste au dessus qui est chauffé et se transforme en vapeur.

  
 Là, il faut commencer par des observations simples :
- la vapeur, c'est un gaz, invisible, donc, sauf pour certains gaz tels que le chlore ou le brome (inmangeables ;-))
- la fumée, c'est visible.
D'ailleurs, c'est abusivement que l'on parle de la vapeur (d'eau) au dessus d'une casserole d'eau que l'on fait bouillir, car, en réalité, on ne voit pas la vapeur d'eau, mais  quand celle-ci arrive dans l'air froid, elle se recondense en gouttelettes minuscules qui réfléchissent la lumière blanche, d'où la possibilité de voir une fumée blanche. De même, les nuages ne sont pas faits de vapeur, mais de gouttelettes d'eau.

Quand on chauffe  une poêle, si l'on voit une fumée, ce n'est évidemment pas l'air qui est transformé chimiquement, mais les composés organiques qui attachaient à la poêle (même propre), qui sont pyrolysés, et engendre une fumée. D'ailleurs, pour les matières grasses, on parle bien de "point de fumée".

Vient de paraître aux Editions de la Nuée Bleue : Le terroir à toutes les sauces (un traité de la jovialité sous forme de roman, agrémenté de recettes de cuisine et de réflexions sur ce bonheur que nous construit la cuisine)